RnB Treatment Protocol

This protocol has been developed to help to overcome functional B2 deficiency in conditions such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorder, where it is commonly seen that the functional B2 deficiency is reducing the effectiveness of vitamin B12 supplementation. More recently the protocol has been used for the treatment of Long COVID. The protocol could equally well be used in Paradoxical B12 deficiency, as well as Diabetes, Obesity, Dementia, CVD, cachexia (muscle wasting) hypertension, Depression, Anxiety or other conditions associated with either functional B2 deficiency or Paradoxical B12 deficiency (Paradoxical). The use of the protocol is a preparatory step before injection or transdermal application of vitamin B12.The protocol is the property of B12 Oils Pty Ltd.

Riboflavin and B12 treatment

It has been known for over 40 years, that active vitamin B2 (as FMN and FAD) are essential to maintain the activity of vitamin B12, and very commonly it has been found that functional vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by lack of functional vitamin B2 (as FMN and FAD), which has been caused by a lack of vitamin B2 per se, and a possible lack of Iodine, Selenium and/or Molybdenum, all of which are required for the activation of vitamin B2. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is inactive unless it is first activated within the cell. This activation requires three specific steps, which require Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. The protocol revolves around a very gradual introduction of Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. Introduction is slow as in extreme deficiency simultaneous administration of all three can have strong side effects. Supplementation with vitamin B2 alone will not work, unless there is sufficient Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. The protocol is dependent upon identification of deficiencies in the Hair Metals Test Analysis (HMTA). Thus, the protocol addresses those deficiencies that are identified. It should be noted that everyone requires the recommended daily intake (RDI) of Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum every day of their life, hence supplementation must be continued after the protocol has been completed, or the diet must be changed to ensure adequate intake of these essential minerals. Further, given that even a small deficiency in functional B2 can cause functional B12 deficiency, it is essential that functional B2 deficiency be addressed before functional B12 can be achieved. Functional B2 deficiency can be established by the Organic Acids Test (OAT)(preferrred) or by TSH/T4/T3 assessment.

NB - You cannot fix functional B12 deficiency unless you fix functional B2 deficiency! Persons using the protocol need to check by OAT that they have been able to fix the functional B2 deficiency before the B12 deficiency can be resolved. It the child is still functionally B2 deficient you cannot make progress in resolving the Developmental Delay! If after following the protocol you do not observe a drop in functional B2 deficiency markers, it is important to identify what the problem is.

Caution

The protocol assumes that you are low on all of Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum, which can be assessed by analysis of HMTA and/or thyroid markers. If you are already sufficient in Iodine, or Selenium or Molybdenum, as judged by these markers, then you do not need to necessarily supplement the mineral you are sufficient in. Everyone, regardless, does require at least the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) of Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. If you do not get this then the activation of vitamin B2 will be compromised. The ranges listed represent minimum and maximum ranges of daily intake for a person who is replete in Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. Persons who are deficient may initially need more until they become replete.

First start by introducing Iodine

Iodine is at the top of the vitamin B2 activation cascade, as pictured below. (Iodine - I, Selenium - Se, Molybdenum - Mo)

Iodine build

Start with 50 ug/day for one week and increase to 100 ug/day, week 2. Week 3 and ongoing 150 ug/day. The iodine should be as either the Sodium or Potassium Iodide salt. Iodine does not work, it must be Iodide

Iodide is essential for the production of thyroid hormone (T4)

Natural sources of Iodine are: Seafood, Dairy, Eggs, Grains, and fortified products such as Iodized bread and Iodized salt.

You should avoid goitrogens, such as soy, Cassava, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Cruciferous veggies, and Kale (Goitrogens can affect your iodine levels (iodine-resource.com)_.

Symptoms of over-supplementing with Iodine are generally flu-like symptoms, drowsiness, brain fog following Iodine supplementation, and a drop in TSH below 0.5. RDA for Iodine is 150-300 ug/day (each and every day).

A suitable product is the topically applied Sodium Iodide oil (https://b12oils.com/order.htm ) which can be really titrated up from one drop (~ 40 ug), to 4 drops (150 ug). Topical application avoids interaction of Iodide with food or other supplements

Our data suggests that a suitable target for Iodine can be assessed by monitoring TSH, where a target of between 0.5 and 1.5 should be aimed for. This is in agreement with suggestions made by Kelly (2018) and Cohen and co-workers (2018) and Hanz and co-workers (2020). If your TSH is above 1.5, then you need more Iodine, if it is below 0.5 you may need less Iodine.

Selenium build

After 2 weeks of Iodide supplementation (week 3), continue with the Iodide and add 25 ug/day Selenite and slowly build to 200 ug/day. Start with 25 ug/day for one week and increase to 50 ug/day, week 2. Week 3, 100 ug/day, with week 4 and ongoing 200 ug/day. Adjust doses for children.

Selenite is essential for the conversion of T4 to T3, which is then used to turn on the production of the enzyme Riboflavin kinase which converts riboflavin to FMN.

The RDA for Selenium is 55-200 ug/day, and the aim is to achieve this. In children under 10 aim for 55ug, for adults 200 ug.The selenium should be as the Selenite, or Selenate salt, but should not be Selenomethionine or Selenium chelates, or Selenium amino acids complex, each of which has been shown not to work.

Natural sources of Selenium are: Eggs, Tuna, Shrimp, Beef, Turkey, and wheat from Selenium sufficient soils. Organic foods or gluten-free foods are often low in Selenium as too wheat from selenium depleted soils such as the UK, much of Europe, New Zealand, much of Australia and many States in the USA.

Avoid administering any product with diatomaceous earth, fulvic acid, large dose vitamin C or those with citrate as a preservative, as they can reduce absorption of Selenite (Robinson etal, 1985; Ip, 1986)

Avoid natural source of Calcium, as these bind up the Selenite, thus avoid giving the material in milk. Similarly avoid giving the material in acids, particularly vitamin C and citric acid, as these reduce the Selenite and make it non-available.

A suitable product is the topically applied Sodium Selenite oil (https://b12oils.com/order.htm ) which can be really titrated up from one drop (~ 25 ug), to 8 drops (200 ug). Topical application avoids interaction of Selenite with food or other supplements, which is commonly seen with oral products.

Molybdenum build

At week 4, continue with the Iodide and Selenite. Start with 50 ug/day Molybdenum (as the Molybdate salt) and gradually increase to at least 200 ug/day. Some adults have been found to need as much as 300 ug/day. The Molybdenum should be sodium or ammonium Molybdate, NOT a Molybdenum chelate or Molybdenum or Molybdate chelate or Molybdenum amino acids complex. Half the doses for children under 10. The RDA for Molybdenum is 100-300 ug/day.

Natural sources of Molybdenum are lentils, peas, beans, oats, barley, bread, pasta, but only if they are grown in Molybdenum sufficient soils that are basic.

Avoid natural source of Calcium, as these bind up the Molybdate, thus avoid giving the material in milk. Similarly avoid giving the material in acids, particularly vitamin C and citric acid, as these reduce the Molybdate and make it non-available.

A suitable product is the topically applied Sodium Molybdate oil (https://b12oils.com/order.htm ) which can be really titrated up from one drop (~ 50 ug), to 8 drops (400 ug). Topical application avoids interaction of Molybdate with food or other supplements, which is commonly seen with oral products.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) build

>At week 4 you can slowly start to introduce vitamin B2. Start with 2 mg/day for week 4, 5 mg/day for week 5 and 10 mg/day ongoing (after week 6). You must keep going with the Iodide, Selenite and Molybdate. There is currently no B2 (riboflavin oil) so you would need to use an oral formulation.

Vitamin B12 (Adenosyl/Methyl B12) build

Once the Iodide/Selenite and Molybdate and B2 have been introduced (at around week 6), then you can start on the mixed Adenosyl/Methyl B12 topical oil mixture (see https://b12oils.com/order.htm ). Start with just a drop of oil from the pump, or use a dropper. Apply the oil into an area of clean dry skin and rub it in like a massage oil. If the child/adult can tolerate the drop, then on the following day increase to 2 drops and gradually increase to a whole squirt/dose. NB you cannot get enough vitamin B12 to restock the brain of a child or an adult from any oral supplement, whether it be lozenge, high dose oral or even nasal delivery. Note, the effect of the combined ISeMo/B2/B12 will take time to become apparent. Myelination is a slow process, and so is repair of damage that occurs in prolonged B12 deficiency.

Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Most children or adults on GFCF diets are vitamin B1 deficient (as too B2/I/Se/Mo and Calcium). Further B2 deficiency begats B1 deficiency. Vitamin B1 should be introduced at around week 6. At the time of introduction, ensure that you have enough active vitamin B2, because vitamin B1 works with FAD in three of the four enzymes that require vitamin B1 as a co-factor.

Folate Deficiency

Early on in the protocol, avoid folate until the B2 and B12 have been optimized. You can introduce folate (either as folic acid, folinic acid or 5MTHF - 400 ug/day). You can and should try to get folate naturally in the diet by eating leafy green veggies. This will also provide the essential mineral magnesium. Folate is an essential part of the methylation cycle, and introduction of folate will amplify the rate of methylation.

Biotin Deficiency

Many people with ASD or CFS believe that the condition is due to an allergy to eggs, and so avoid them. In this case they will more than likely be biotin deficient. Supplement with 150 ug/day - or introduce eggs once the protocol has been established. Biotin deficiency, when severe enough will mask Adenosyl B12 deficiency, and reduce MMA levels.

Iron Deficiency

Uptake and processing of iron requires both active B2 and active B12. Iron deficiency is extremely common in ASD. For neurotypically normal development large quantities of iron are required for the process of myelination of the brain and peripheral nervous system. Estimates are 7 mg/day for children 1 to 8 years old. This estimate is of bioavailable iron, NOT of iron in the supplement. It is best to introduce iron containing meats, such as beef or chicken liver, clams, mollusks or mussels or oysters >> beef, lamb goat, deer, bison, sardines turkey, all of which have much higher iron contents than chicken or pork. Non-meat sources of iron are extremely poorly absorbed.

Alternative Protocol

Buy a multivitamin that has all of Iodine (as Iodide 150 ug), Selenium (as Selenite 55-200 ug) and Molybdenum (as Molybdate 100-300 ug). Start with a low dose (around 1/8th of the above) and slowly increase to a full dose over a period of about 4 weeks. It should be noted that you will also be slowly increasing the dose of vitamin B2, along with the I/Se/Mo. There is a topical ISeMo product - Dose per 8 drops Iodide 150 ug, Selente 55 ug, Molybdate 100 ug https://b12oils.com/order.htm

Creatine

Over 40% of methylation is involved in the production of creatine, however, persons on a traditional omnivore diet get around 50% of their creatine from food. Food derived creatine is mainly used in supplementing muscle creatine, with brain creatine normally being produced in the brain. Supplementation with creatine, has not generally been effective for replenishing brain creatine (Roschel etal, 2021), however, in extreme deficiency prolonged dosing of 3 gm/day for over a month has shown some benefit.

Factors that can affect the protocol

Any stress that the child faces will affect the level of functional vitamin B2 that the child needs, and so will delay or hinder the ability to achieve functional B2 sufficiency. Examples include, vaccination, child-hood illnesses, such as RSV, colds, flu, foot and mouth, and many such diseases that are rampant in child-care institutions, COVID, COVID vaccination, etc. In addition foods such as goitrogens and those containing cyanoglycosides - Cassava, kale, Boy Choi, broccoli, broccolini, cabbage, soy, rutabago, spinach, etc. High levels of bromide affect Iodide uptake into the thyroid. The most obvious affect is the inability to lower TSH levels with the protocol. Low iron affects the function of thyroid peroxidase and so will affect the formation of T4 in the thyroid. It has also been shown that high levels of fluoride in the drinking water, or in ground water can cause conditions such as Fluorosis, in which TSH levels remain very high, despite Iodide supplementation. It is therefore essential to remove these contaminants before resuming the protocol (Kheradpisheh et al, 2018; Kutlucan etal, 2013).

Medications that interfere with the protocol

It has been found that many of the medications, such as SSRIs, including Risperidone, Tricyclic antidepressants, Monamineoxidase inhibitors, Benzodiazepines, etc affect the success of the protocol and block effective restoration of neurotypical development in children and adults. Until the child/adult has been "weaned" off these drugs, the protocol will not be fully effective. It is important, however, to consult your doctor before you make any such changes in treatments. Side effects of these drugs can be found at

Risperidone Risperidone Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com including : agitation, akathisia, anxiety, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dystonia, extrapyramidal reaction, nausea, rhinitis, and weight gain. Other side effects include: abdominal pain, sialorrhea, skin rash, tachycardia, and xeroderma (McCrackenet al 2002; de Ara�jo et al 2016; Citrome 2017; Maher et al 2012; Ceylan et al 2017; Chaves et al 2013).

SSRIs About Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (healthline.com)

Potentially suitable supplements

It is quite hard to find a suitable multivitamin that has all of Iodine (as Iodide 150 ug), Selenium (as Selenite 55-200 ug) and Molybdenum (as Molybdate 100-300 ug) in the right forms, and many will require additional supplementation with Iodide, Selenite, or Molybdate. As an alternative, B12 Oils has produced a Mixed Iodide/Selenite/Molybdate topical oil containing 150 ug Iodide, 55 ug Sodium Selenite, and 100 ug Sodium Molybdate. Doses are titratable up from one drop until the required dosage for a child is achieved in 8 drops (see https://b12oils.com/order.htm ).

Iodine Supplements

Iodine should be as the sodium or potassium Iodide salts.

https://b12oils.com/order.htm Iodide Topical Oil 8 drops contains 300 ug sodium Iodide

https://shop.bodybio.com/collections/liquid-mineral/products/iodine-9-liquid-mineral-2oz

https://au.iherb.com/pr/Nature-s-Plus-Potassium-Iodide-150-mcg-100-Tablets/42445

https://au.iherb.com/pr/World-Organic-Liquid-Potassium-Iodide-2-fl-oz-59-ml/7775

Selenium Supplements

https://b12oils.com/order.htm Selenite Topical Oil 8 drops contains 200 ug sodium Selenite

https://www.pureformulas.com/selenium-solution-8-fl-oz-236-ml-liquid-by-allergy-research-group.html

https://au.iherb.com/pr/nutricology-selenium-solution-8-fl-oz-236-ml/17257

https://www.chempro.com.au/NUTRITION-CARE-SODIUM-SELENITE-DROPS-50ML

http://www.iherb.com/Eidon-Mineral-Supplements-Selenium-Liquid-Concentrate-2-oz-60-ml/26013

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0002UIRBM/ref=psdc_3774471_t1_B000IRJOZ2

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00024D52Y/ref=oh_aui_search_detailpage?ie=UTF8&psc=1

https://shop.bodybio.com/collections/liquid-minerals/products/selenium-8-liquid-mineral-2oz

https://www.fair-pure.com/en/selen-50g-from-sodium-selenite-vegan

Molybdenum Supplements

NB only sodium and ammonium molybdate supplements work, as Molybdenum is internalized via a molybdate transporter, and so other forms of Molybdenum do not work (Mendel and Bittner, 2006)

https://b12oils.com/order.htm Molybdate Topical Oil 8 drops contains 300 ug Sodium Molybdate

https://www.metabolics.com/sodium-molybdate-pot-of-90-capsules.html

https://www.fair-pure.com/en/molybdenum-150g-120-tablets-molybdate-vegan

https://www.biocare.co.uk/nutrisorbr-liquid-molybdenum-15ml

https://shop.bodybio.com/collections/liquid-minerals/products/molybdenum-7-liquid-mineral-2oz

https://www.vitacost.com/nutricology-molybdenum-liquid

https://www.epigenetics-international.com/product/molybdenum-100ml

Combination Supplements

https://b12oils.com/order.htm ISeMo topical oil 8 drops contains KI(150 ug), NaSelenate (55 ug) NaMolybdate (100 ug).

Multivitamin Supplements

https://www.naturesway.com/Product-Catalog/Alive-Once-Daily-Women-s-50-Ultra-60-Tabs KI(150 ug), NaSelenate (250 ug) NaMolybdate (75 ug).

https://www.biocare.co.uk/methyl-multinutrient KI (200ug), NaSelenite (200 ug), NaMolybdate (200 ug) MeCbl (400 ug)

Side Reactions

The start of methylation can sometimes induce a higher than normal production of Adenalin, which can cause some odd side-reactions, such as

Increased fatigue, joint or muscle pain, skin rashes, photosensitivity, irritability, paresthesia, dizziness, sleep disturbances, asthenia, muscle cramps, night sweats, hypertension, hypotension, headaches (especially migraines) and swollen glands. Also reported are heavy perspiration, metallic taste in mouth, chills, nausea, bloating, constipation or diarrhea, low grade fever, heart palpitations, tachycardia, facial palsy, tinnitus, mental confusion, uncoordinated movement, pruritus, bone pain, flu-like syndrome, conjunctivitis and throat swelling"

If the person attempting the protocol has these symptoms during the dose escalation stage of the protocol, go back to the previous dose for a few days before increasing the dose once more. Be aware that children with autism cannot tell you what these symptoms. Further they have no idea of what is causing the symptoms or how to tell you. The most likely symptom is a rise in blood pressure, which may cause them to experience head-aches.

Medications that interfere with the protocol

Risperidone Risperidone Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com including : agitation, akathisia, anxiety, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dystonia, extrapyramidal reaction, nausea, rhinitis, and weight gain. Other side effects include: abdominal pain, sialorrhea, skin rash, tachycardia, and xeroderma ((McCrackenet al 2002; de Ara�jo et al 2016; Citrome 2017; Maher et al 2012; Ceylan et al 2017; Chaves et al 2013).

SSRIs About Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (healthline.com)

Follow Up

Once the person or child has been on the vitamin B2/I/Se/Mo supplementation combined with the mixed Adenosyl/Methyl B12 oils for two months, the urinary Organic Acids test should be repeated in order to check that the regime is working. At this time Contact us and we can help determine if the protocol has been effective. You can also check to see if your I/Se/Mo is in range with the hair-metals analysis

Natural food sources of Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum

	Tolerable Upper limit
Iodine	Iodine deficiency >50% of population,
150-300 ug/day	more likely if no dairy.
	Hypothyroidism with <20 ug/day
	Seafood, Dairy, eggs, grains
	AVOID
	Goitrogens: Soy, cassava, cabbage, Chard,
	broccoli, cauliflower, cruciferous veggies.
`	Deficiency of iron or vitamin A
Selenium	Tolerable Upper limit - 200 ug
55 -200 ug/day	Tuna, Ham, Shrimp, Beef,
	Turkey, Chicken, eggs.
	Grains, depending upon where they come from.
	Brazil Nuts have selenomethionine,
	not selenocysteine.
Molybdenum	Tolerable Upper limit - 2 mg
100 -300 ug/day	Lentils, peas, beans, oats,
	Barley, Bread, Pasta, Rice

Gluten-free Products

Most gluten-free products are deficient in Iodine, Selenium and Molybdenum. Further they are not fortified with either folate or vitamin B1. Additionally they often contain high levels of arsenic, lead, and mercury, which is readily seen by increases in values in Hair Metals Test Analysis, Many people who switch to gluten-free products and feel that they gain some benefit have been found to be sensitive to sulphites and nitrites and are actually molybdenum deficient.

Medications that interfere with the protocol

It has been found that many of the medications, such as SSRIs, including Risperidone, Tricyclic antidepressants, Monamineoxidase inhibitors, Benzodiazepines, etc affect the success of the protocol and block effective restoration of neurological function in adults. Until the child/adult has been "weaned" off these drugs, the protocol will not be fully effective. It is important, however, to consult your doctor before you make any such changes in treatments. Side effects of these drugs can be found at

SSRIs About Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (healthline.com)

Role of Vitamin B2

More about vitamin B2 and the effect of deficiency can be found at

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/riboflavin#deficiency-risk-factors

Iron Supplements

The most readily absorbed form of iron is heme iron, from sources such beef, goat, lamb, squid, octopus, mussels, oysters and clams etc. Non-heme iron, such as the iron in quoted vegetables such as soy, lectins, spinach, etc are very poorly absorbed and have not been found to significantly raise serum ferritin levels.

Potential supplements

Ortho Iron (Iron-ferric pyrophosphate/lactoferin (30 mg) lactoferin (100 mg), Copper (0.9 mg) https://au.iherb.com/pr/advanced-orthomolecular-research-aor-ortho-iron-60-vegetarian-capsules/73593

ProFerrin ES90 10.5 mg Heme iron https://proferrin.com/international-distribution

Grass Fed Beef Spleen

Healthy-Care-New-Zealand-Green-Lipped-Mussel-250-Capsules

Organic Oyster Powder Supplement-120 Capsules (traditionalfoods.org)

General Supplements

Supplements containing Iodide, Selenite, and Molybdate are rather hard to find. Some are listed below:

https://au.iherb.com/pr/Nature-s-Way-Alive-Once-Daily-Women-s-Ultra-Potency-Multi-Vitamin-60-Tablets/39614 KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug.

https://www.seroyal.com/trace-mineral-comple-cws.html KI 50 ug, NaSelenate 50 ug, NaMolybdate 50 ug.

https://www.biocare.co.uk/methyl-multinutrient KI (200ug), NaSelenite (200 ug), NaMolybdate (200 ug) MeCbl (400 ug)

https://www.awakennutrition.com/supplement-facts/ KI(100 ug) NaSelenite (50 ug), NaMolybdate (100 ug) MeCbl (1000 ug).

NB, Oral MeCbl in high doses is inactivated in the stomach, so although it may be present in a supplement, its utility in any oral supplement is questionable.

Supplements that may not work due to Calcium and Magnesium content

https://au.iherb.com/pr/Nature-s-Way-Alive-Once-Daily-Women-s-Ultra-Potency-Multi-Vitamin-60-Tablets/39614 KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. Magnesium 100 mg, Cacium 195 mg

https://www.biocare.co.uk/methyl-multinutrient KI (200ug), NaSelenite (200 ug), NaMolybdate (200 ug) MeCbl (400 ug) Magnesium (60 mg)

https://www.naturesway.com/Product-Catalog/Alive-Once-Daily-Men-s-Ultra-60-Tabs KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. CN Cbl 100ug Calcium 130 mg

https://www.awakennutrition.com/supplement-facts/ KI(100 ug) NaSelenite (50 ug), NaMolybdate (100 ug) MeCbl (1000 ug). Magnesium (200 mg)

Supplements that may not work due to Calcium and Magnesium content

https://au.iherb.com/pr/Nature-s-Way-Alive-Once-Daily-Women-s-Ultra-Potency-Multi-Vitamin-60-Tablets/39614 KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. Magnesium 100 mg, Cacium 195 mg

https://www.biocare.co.uk/methyl-multinutrient KI (200ug), NaSelenite (200 ug), NaMolybdate (200 ug) MeCbl (400 ug) Magnesium (60 mg)

https://www.naturesway.com/Product-Catalog/Alive-Once-Daily-Men-s-Ultra-60-Tabs KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. CN Cbl 100ug Calcium 130 mg

https://www.awakennutrition.com/supplement-facts/ KI(100 ug) NaSelenite (50 ug), NaMolybdate (100 ug) MeCbl (1000 ug). Magnesium (200 mg)

Supplements that may not work due to Calcium content

https://au.iherb.com/pr/Nature-s-Way-Alive-Once-Daily-Women-s-Ultra-Potency-Multi-Vitamin-60-Tablets/39614 KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. Calcium 195 mg

https://www.naturesway.com/Product-Catalog/Alive-Once-Daily-Men-s-Ultra-60-Tabs KI 150 ug, NaSelenate 250 ug, NaMolybdate 75 ug. CN Cbl 100ug Calcium 130 mg

Bayer OneADay https://www.oneada.ca/ Contains Selenite, Molybdate, but also Calcium and vitamin C.

Simple Spectrum Supplement Simple Spectrum Supplement

Supplements that may not work due to Citric Acid content

Nutrisorb� Liquid Selenium 15ml | BioCare Sodium Selenite, BUT, citric acid is the preservative

https://www.biocare.co.uk/nutrisorbr-molybdenum-15ml Sodium Molybdate, BUT, citric acid as the preservative.

Supplements that may not work due to Calcium and Phosphate content

Seeking Health B minus - https://www.seekinghealth.com/products/b-minus-100-capsules Contains Riboflavin-5-phosphate, Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and Calcium pantothenate. The calcium theoretically would dissociate from the pantothenate and then form insoluble complexes with the phosphates on R5P and P5P

https://www.fair-pure.com/en/selen-50g-from-sodium-selenite-vegan "Ingredients: bulking agent microcrystalline cellulose, calcium salts of orthophosphoric acid, sodium selenite"

Supplements that have been shown NOT to work

https://www.bioticsresearch.com/node/1526

Genestra Liquid Iodine

https://www.seekinghealth.com/products/molybdenum-90-capsules

https://www.allergyresearchgroup.com/liquid-molybdenum-1-fl.-oz.-30-ml

https://shop.bodybio.com/collections/liquid-minerals/products/molybdenum-7-liquid-mineral-2oz

Nutrisorb� Liquid Selenium 15ml | BioCare Sodium Selenite, BUT, citric acid is the preservative

https://www.biocare.co.uk/nutrisorbr-molybdenum-15ml Sodium Molybdate, BUT, citric acid as the preservative.

Liquid Iodine Supplement (Nutrisorb�) | 15ml | BioCare Citric Acid is the preservative.

References

Mendel and Bittner, 2005 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488906001017

Kelly, TM, 2018 The Art and Science of Thyroid Supplementation for The Treatment of Bipolar Depression (Book)

Hanze Du, Danning Wu, Xiang Zhou, Hongbo Yang, Huijuan Zhu, Shi Chen, Hui Pan, Preconception TSH and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China: A nationwide prospective cohort study, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022;, dgac208, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac208

Robinson etal 1985 Effect of megadose of ascorbic acid, a meal and orange juice on the absorption of selenium as sodium selenite. NZ Med J. 98: 627-9 PMID 3861972.

Ip C. Interaction of vitamin C and selenium supplementation in the modification of mammary carcinogensis in rats. J. Natl. Cancer Intst 1986 77:299-303 PMID 3088312

Cohen et al.Antidepressant-Resistant Depression in Patients With Comorbid Subclinical Hypothyroidism or High-Normal TSH Levels.Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 1;175(7):598-604. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17080949.

McCrackenet al Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems N Engl J Med 2002 Aug 1;347(5):314-21.

de Ara�jo et al Quality of Life and Hormonal, Biochemical, and Anthropometric Profile Between Olanzapine and Risperidone Users Psychiatr Q 2016 Jun;87(2):293-304.

Citrome L Activating and Sedating Adverse Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: Absolute Risk Increase and Number Needed to Harm J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017 Apr;37(2):138-147.

Maher et al Summary of the comparative effectiveness review on off-label use of atypical antipsychotics J Manag Care Pharm 2012 Jun;18(5 Suppl B):S1-20.

Ceylan et al Effectiveness, Adverse Effects and Drug Compliance of Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone in Children and Adolescents Clin Drug Investig . 2017 Oct;37(10):947-956.

Chaves et al Quality of life and adverse effects of olanzapine versus risperidone therapy in patients with schizophrenia Psychiatr Q. 2013 Mar;84(1):125-35.